Three or more singers make up an ensembleĬhorus: groups of actors playing crowd parts The prompter-the prompter’s box The orchestra pit Preludes: Instrumentals that open opera acts Modern questions concerning text in opera Translation of text and effects upon text painting Supertitles-projection of text above the stage 141 Basic Set, CD 2:14 Brief Set, CD 1:68ĭrama sung to orchestra accompaniment Text in opera is called libretto Music is written by a composer Libretto is written by a librettist Opera can be serious, comic, or both Two primary types of solo songs: Recitative: presents plot material Aria: expresses emotion-usually a “show-off” vehicle for the singer Other types: duet, trio, quartet, quintet, etc. Note individual voice entry on same melody (subject) Listening Outline: p. Main theme Presented initially in imitation Each voice enters after previous voice has completed presenting the subjectġ5 Listening Organ Fugue in G Minor by J. 4: The Fugue Polyphonic composition Vocal or instrumental Subject 5 in D major by Johann Sebastian Bach For string orchestra and group of soloists Soloists: flute, violin, and harpsichord First movement Ritornello form Listening Outline: p. 3: The Concerto Grosso and Ritornello Formįrequently used in 1st & last movements of concerto grosso Theme repeatedly presented in fragments Contrast between solo sections and tuttiġ3 Listening Brandenberg Concerto No. 3: The Concerto Grosso and Ritornello Formįor small group of soloists and orchestra Multi-movement work Usually 3 movements Fast Slow (usually quieter) Fast (sometimes dance-like)ġ2 Ch. Some aristocrats were musicians Church music was very elaborate Most people heard music only in church Some, though few, public opera houses Music careers taught by apprenticeship Orphanages taught music as a tradeġ1 Ch. Music written to order New music, not old-fashioned, was desired Courts: Music indicated affluence Court Music Director Good prestige, pay, and other benefits Still considered a skilled servant Instrumental music frequently made up of movements Movement: -a piece complete in itself -also part of a larger whole Performed with pause between movements Unity of mood within individual movements Movements often contrast with each other Common basic forms: Ternary A B A Binary A B A A B A B B A A B B Small by modern standards Varying instrumentation Strings, woodwinds, brass, & percussion Nucleus was basso continuo unit Composers specified instrumentation Timbre was subordinate to melody, rhythm, & harmony Texture Late Baroque mostly polyphonic Extensive use of imitation Chords and the Basso Continuo Emphasis on way chords follow each other Bass part considered foundation of the harmony Basso Continuo: bass part with numbers to represent chord tones Similar to modern jazz & pop “fake book” notation Words and Music Text painting/word painting continues Words frequently emphasized by extension through many rapid notesħ The Baroque Orchestra Based on violin family of instruments Unity of Mood Expresses one mood per piece Rhythm Rhythmic patterns are repeated throughout Melody Opening melody heard again and again Continuous expanding of melodic sequence Dynamics Volumes constant with abrupt changes Bach The two giants: Bach & Handel Other important composers: Claudio Monteverdi Henry Purcel Arcangelo Corelli Antonio Vivaldi Period divided into 3 phases: Early: Middle: Late: Opera: a play with speaking parts sung Period ends with death of J. 1: Baroque Music Period begins with rise of Opera 127 Elaborate Change in approach to science Experiment-based, not just observation Inventions and improvements resultĤ Ch. 1 Music: An Appreciation 9th Edition by Roger KamienĢ The Baroque Period Time-line: Shakespeare: Hamlet-1600Ĭervantes: Don Quixote-1605 Jamestown founded-1607 Galileo: Earth orbits Sun-1610 King James Bible-1611 Newton: Principia Mathematica-1687 Witchcraft trials in Salem, Mass.-1692 Defoe: Robinson Crusoe-1719 Swift: Gulliver’s Travels-1726ģ The Baroque Style Time of flamboyant lifestyleīaroque style “fills the space” Visual Art Implies motion Note pictures p.
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